Reverse Carnot cycle and standard vapour compression refrigeration cycle- analysis, comparison and Ewings construction. Compressor – reciprocating, centrifugal, rotary, screw type. Volumetric efficiency and performance of single stage refrigeration system, its limitations. Multistage multi evaporator and Cascade systems. Properties of refrigerants: primary, secondary and mixtures, piping design and lubricants. Absorption refrigeration systems: LiBr-water and aqua-ammonia systems, calculations by h-x diagram. Electrolux system and solar energy applications. Steam jet refrigeration, vortex tube, thermoelectric refrigeration and Gas Cycle refrigeration. Air liquefaction cycles. Condenser and evaporators, overall heat transfer coefficient, classification, design and performance. Expansion valves: capillary tube, AEV, TEV and float value; performance and balance point. System balancing of condensing unit and evaporator.
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