Introduction: Components of a sensor, Types of sensors, Applications; Static characteristics: Static calibration, static error, correction, range, span, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis, dead time, dead zone, resolution, loading effect; Errors: Types of errors, Random errors: mean, variance, Gaussian curve of errors, precision errors and precision index; Dynamic characteristics: Modelling a sensor, zero, first and second order systems; Primary sensing elements: Stain gauge, variable capacitance transducer, variable inductance transducer (LVDT), optical sensors, piezoelectric transducers, hall effect transducer; Mechanical measurements: Measurement of force, pressure, flow, displacement, acceleration, velocity; Temperature measurement: RTD, thermistor and thermocouple; Signal conditioning circuit: Amplifiers, Filters, Bridge circuits, A/D and D/A converters, Modern data acquisition systems. |
Text/Reference Books:
- E. O. Doebelin, “Measurement System: Application and Design,” 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2003.
- D. Patranabis, “Principles of industrial instrumentation,” 2nd Ed.,Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2001.
- A.K Sawhney, “Electrical and Electronics Measurements and Instrumentation,” 19th Ed., Dhanpat Rai & Co., 2011.
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